Description
A ~ T .• Paroral dikinetid structures; no ribbed towards cytostome (ex Cinetochilidae); 15 f VE\ F \;. Key 1970) B. P. putrinum , ventrum , silver-stained . (from 1. Oral cilia reduc Patterson , 1981) C. P. aurelia . (from Vivier , 1974) posterior 1/4 of D. P. aurelia, oral polykinetids. (from Dragesco, 1 9 7 0) .... .... ..... . E. P. multimicronucleatum. (from Vivier , 1974) F. P. 1'. Oral cilia and in bursaria . (from Vivier, 1974) G. P. caudatum. (from even if oral cavi Vivier, 1974) H. P. caudatum , oral polykinetids. (from Dragesco , 1970) 2. Long axes of perpendicular region ....... TICOCILIATIA SMALL , 1967 netids over much of body; some thigmotactic field on symbiotic inetid with <1, h and .Q segments ; liferation of kinetosomes cuticovestige posterior to 9 marine , estuarine species ; ic ; 3 orders. o Orders of the Subclass b 9 <9 6? shorter than other oral ibbed wall from paroral ards cytostome (exceptions Cinetochilidae) .. Philasterida more conspicuous than other s; ribbed wall may be ...... ... .. ... .. .. ... ..... ... .......... ... .. .. .. .. 2 ikinetid, long, forming curtain sm stops to feed; ribbed wall ostome in anterior 3/4 of body . .... .. ........ .. .. .... .. .. ... Pleuromenatida wall inconspicuous, or none; in posterior 1/4 of body ; 3, reduced or absent. ..... ..... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . Thigmotrichida LASTERIDA Small, 1967 shorter than other oral wall from paroral dikinetid ceptions Loxocephalidae , amilies. to Families of the Order b c: <9 6? ed, inconspicuous; oral cavity in body; symbionts of molluscs ... ........ ... .... .. ... ....... ... .. Thigmophryidae fraciliature more conspicuous ty in posterior of body ... .... .... . 2 oral polykinetids almost to long axes of body and oral . .. ....... ....... .. ........... ...... .... ........... ...... 3 584 CILIOPHORA, SCUTICOCILIATIA 2'. Oral polykinetids with long axes aligned more or less with long axis of body and oral region ........ ........... ....... ..... ... ... .... ... ...... ...... ..... ... 5 3. Somatic cilia holotrichous with parateny of somatic kineties ; in larger ciliates , zig-zagged kinetosomes of several auxokineties densely packed to right and anterior of paroral dikinetid ....... ..... .... .. ....... ........... ... .............. .. ..... 4 3'. Somatic kineties as a ciliated girdle at equator ... . .......... .............. ...... .......... ...... ...... .... Urozonidae 4. Body ovoid to ellipsoid, usually flattened ; denser cilia , ventrally ; oral area relatively large .. ... ... . ...... ... ................ .. ........ ... ... ........ Cinetochilidae 4'. Body long-ovoid ; oral area anterior , relat ively small ; ciliation, holotrichous .Loxocephalidae 5. Only 2 oral polykinetids (OPk) , 0Pk2 as 1 kinetosomal file parallel to paroral dik inet id , 0Pk3 as tiny left posterior-lateral extension of 0Pk2 ; cilia of paroral dikinetid and 0Pk2 appear as distinct membranes .... ................... ..... . ..... ....... .... .. ... ... ..... .. ..... Pseudocohnilembidae 5'. With 3 oral polykinetids ..... .. .. .... .... ....... ..... .. .. 6 6. Small < 50 IJm, ovoid; anterior end as obvious, non-cil iated , flat disc ... ... .... ..... .Uronematidae 6'. Anterior end not as above ... ..... .. ... .... ...... ...... ... .. 7 7. Body somewhat laterally compressed ; conspicuous anterior suture ; 0Pk1 , a non - ciliated kinetosomal file , inconspicuous, more or less distant from anterior of 0Pk2 .... .. .. .. ... . 8 7' . Not obviously laterally compressed ; 0Pk1 rarely a file of non-ciliated kinetosomes ..... . 10 8. Anterior broad , truncate ; conspicuously tapered posterior end ; endocommensal in gut of echinoids ...... ....... .. .. ........ ... .... Entorhipidiidae 8'. Anterior not broad .... ...... ......... ... .... ... .... .. .... .... .. 9 9. Body ovoid , laterally compressed (= discoid), with narrow truncate anterior; posterior end with slightly pointed tail ; oral cavity , anterior , inconspicuous ; endocommensal in gut of echinoids ...... ............. ............. ...... Entodiscidae 9'. Body laterally compressed , ends tapered , with caudal projection ; endocommensal in gut of echinoids .. .......... .... ....... .. ... ..... Cryptochilidae 10. Body slender , oral region along a tapered , long anterior ; 0Pk1 , long with densely packed dikinetids of kinety !l along much of its length ... . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. Co 10'. Form, oral structures not as above ..... .. ... .... 11 11 . 0Pk2 , broad, wide , typically larger than 0Pk1 or0Pk3 ................................................. ... .... ... 12 11 '. 0Pk2 not as above , often long , narrow ........ . 13 12. Body long, ovoid , not laterally compressed ; oral cavity relatively shallow .. . ..... .. Philasteridae 12'. Slightly laterally compressed , large ciliates ; oral cavity deep; endocommensal in gut of echinoids .... ..... ... .... ... ....... ... . Thyrophylacidae 13. 0Pk2 at least 3-4x longer than 0Pk1 , which may be reduced to 1 file of kinetosomes ... ...... ... ....... ... ........ . Paralembidae 13'. 0Pk2 not so long as above ....... ..... ......... ..... .... 14 14. Paroral g-segment (= scuticovestige ) aligned along midventral postoral region .. ....... .. . .... ...... ...... .... .. .... ... ....... ... ..... . Orchitophryidae 14'.Paroral c:.segment skewed to left of m idventral paroral region ....... .. .... .... . Parauronematidae
Type species
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A ~ T .• Paroral dikinetid structures; no ribbed towards cytostome (ex Cinetochilidae); 15 f VE\ F \;. Key 1970) B. P. putrinum , ventrum , silver-stained . (from 1. Oral cilia reduc Patterson , 1981) C. P. aurelia . (from Vivier , 1974) posterior 1/4 of D. P. aurelia, oral polykinetids. (from Dragesco, 1 9 7 0) .... .... ..... . E. P. multimicronucleatum. (from Vivier , 1974) F. P. 1'. Oral cilia and in bursaria . (from Vivier, 1974) G. P. caudatum. (from even if oral cavi Vivier, 1974) H. P. caudatum , oral polykinetids. (from Dragesco , 1970) 2. Long axes of perpendicular region ....... TICOCILIATIA SMALL , 1967 netids over much of body; some thigmotactic field on symbiotic inetid with <1, h and .Q segments ; liferation of kinetosomes cuticovestige posterior to 9 marine , estuarine species ; ic ; 3 orders. o Orders of the Subclass b 9 <9 6? shorter than other oral ibbed wall from paroral ards cytostome (exceptions Cinetochilidae) .. Philasterida more conspicuous than other s; ribbed wall may be ...... ... .. ... .. .. ... ..... ... .......... ... .. .. .. .. 2 ikinetid, long, forming curtain sm stops to feed; ribbed wall ostome in anterior 3/4 of body . .... .. ........ .. .. .... .. .. ... Pleuromenatida wall inconspicuous, or none; in posterior 1/4 of body ; 3, reduced or absent. ..... ..... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . Thigmotrichida LASTERIDA Small, 1967 shorter than other oral wall from paroral dikinetid ceptions Loxocephalidae , amilies. to Families of the Order b c: <9 6? ed, inconspicuous; oral cavity in body; symbionts of molluscs ... ........ ... .... .. ... ....... ... .. Thigmophryidae fraciliature more conspicuous ty in posterior of body ... .... .... . 2 oral polykinetids almost to long axes of body and oral . .. ....... ....... .. ........... ...... .... ........... ...... 3 584 CILIOPHORA, SCUTICOCILIATIA 2'. Oral polykinetids with long axes aligned more or less with long axis of body and oral region ........ ........... ....... ..... ... ... .... ... ...... ...... ..... ... 5 3. Somatic cilia holotrichous with parateny of somatic kineties ; in larger ciliates , zig-zagged kinetosomes of several auxokineties densely packed to right and anterior of paroral dikinetid ....... ..... .... .. ....... ........... ... .............. .. ..... 4 3'. Somatic kineties as a ciliated girdle at equator ... . .......... .............. ...... .......... ...... ...... .... Urozonidae 4. Body ovoid to ellipsoid, usually flattened ; denser cilia , ventrally ; oral area relatively large .. ... ... . ...... ... ................ .. ........ ... ... ........ Cinetochilidae 4'. Body long-ovoid ; oral area anterior , relat ively small ; ciliation, holotrichous .Loxocephalidae 5. Only 2 oral polykinetids (OPk) , 0Pk2 as 1 kinetosomal file parallel to paroral dik inet id , 0Pk3 as tiny left posterior-lateral extension of 0Pk2 ; cilia of paroral dikinetid and 0Pk2 appear as distinct membranes .... ................... ..... . ..... ....... .... .. ... ... ..... .. ..... Pseudocohnilembidae 5'. With 3 oral polykinetids ..... .. .. .... .... ....... ..... .. .. 6 6. Small < 50 IJm, ovoid; anterior end as obvious, non-cil iated , flat disc ... ... .... ..... .Uronematidae 6'. Anterior end not as above ... ..... .. ... .... ...... ...... ... .. 7 7. Body somewhat laterally compressed ; conspicuous anterior suture ; 0Pk1 , a non - ciliated kinetosomal file , inconspicuous, more or less distant from anterior of 0Pk2 .... .. .. .. ... . 8 7' . Not obviously laterally compressed ; 0Pk1 rarely a file of non-ciliated kinetosomes ..... . 10 8. Anterior broad , truncate ; conspicuously tapered posterior end ; endocommensal in gut of echinoids ...... ....... .. .. ........ ... .... Entorhipidiidae 8'. Anterior not broad .... ...... ......... ... .... ... .... .. .... .... .. 9 9. Body ovoid , laterally compressed (= discoid), with narrow truncate anterior; posterior end with slightly pointed tail ; oral cavity , anterior , inconspicuous ; endocommensal in gut of echinoids ...... ............. ............. ...... Entodiscidae 9'. Body laterally compressed , ends tapered , with caudal projection ; endocommensal in gut of echinoids .. .......... .... ....... .. ... ..... Cryptochilidae 10. Body slender , oral region along a tapered , long anterior ; 0Pk1 , long with densely packed dikinetids of kinety !l along much of its length ... . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. Co 10'. Form, oral structures not as above ..... .. ... .... 11 11 . 0Pk2 , broad, wide , typically larger than 0Pk1 or0Pk3 ................................................. ... .... ... 12 11 '. 0Pk2 not as above , often long , narrow ........ . 13 12. Body long, ovoid , not laterally compressed ; oral cavity relatively shallow .. . ..... .. Philasteridae 12'. Slightly laterally compressed , large ciliates ; oral cavity deep; endocommensal in gut of echinoids .... ..... ... .... ... ....... ... . Thyrophylacidae 13. 0Pk2 at least 3-4x longer than 0Pk1 , which may be reduced to 1 file of kinetosomes ... ...... ... ....... ... ........ . Paralembidae 13'. 0Pk2 not so long as above ....... ..... ......... ..... .... 14 14. Paroral g-segment (= scuticovestige ) aligned along midventral postoral region .. ....... .. . .... ...... ...... .... .. .... ... ....... ... ..... . Orchitophryidae 14'.Paroral c:.segment skewed to left of m idventral paroral region ....... .. .... .... . Parauronematidae