Description
Zimmermann , Moestrup and Hallfors 1984 By 0JVIND MOESTRUP The pedinellid flagellates comprise more or less spherical cells with a single anterior (hairy) flagellum . The flagellum beats in a planar sine wave and bears a more or less well-developed wing supported internal ly by a paraxonernal rod (Figs. 3,4). Tentacles emanate from the cell surface, supported by triplets of microtubules attached proximally to the nuclear envelope SILICOFLAGELLATA (Figs. 4A-C). Cells with three or six chloro- 5. Contractile v plasts and auto- or mixotrophic(Pedine//a) or 6. Cell body cov without chloroplasts and heterotrophic . Some genera. species free swimming, often with a trailing 7. Ejectile orga stalk, others attached. The body in some species 8. Division by f clad in a cover of organic scales (Fig . 3) , some 9. Organic cysts of wh ich may be spine-shaped . In fresh water 10. Species are and marine plankton . Synonym: order shape , etc. Ciliophryida Febre-Chevalier 1985 . able charact With a single family Actinomonadidae Kent , satisfactory 1880 . ters . A few morphology o 1. Cells with th 1 ·. Cells witho 2. Cells attache absent ..... A 2 '. Cells with noids prese 3. Cells with stalk ...... 3 '. Cells with held cells ... .. 4. Cells with mixotrophic pedinellid. A ,B=2000x. C: x 1 000. stalk .... . (From Conrad, 1926). 4 ·. Cells attac . ....... . Key characters 5. With very sho 1. One emergent flagellum , but a second , barren , light micro basal body is present in the cell (Fig . 4 B). eight , Flagellum with more or less distinct wing , sides ...... supported by paraxial rod (Figs. 3,4) . Two 5 '. With long s rows of tripartite flagellar hairs . Small ring-shaped flagellar scales found in two Genu genera. No microtubular or striated flagel- lar roots are known . Cells with an an 2. Three or six lateral chloroplasts in one tier , surrounding the or without chloroplasts. Pyrenoids present chloroplasts w or absent. vacuoles anterio 3. No eyespot. mixotrophic , ma 4. With stalk of very variable length. Cells free are caught near swimming (trailing stalk) or attached . process unknown acuoles in freshwater species . ered with organic scales in some nelles unknown . ission . known , sexuality unknown . distinguished by cell size and As these are often highly v a r i- ers , species taxonomy is u n- and awaits alternative charac - species are recognized by the f the scales. ree or six chloroplasts .... .. ....... 2 ut chloroplasts .. ........ ................. 4 d by means of a stalk , pyrenoids .. ... ..... ....................... .. ... Pedinella trailing stalk or stalkless, pyre- nt. ................................................ 3 long to very long trailing .. .... ........... ....... .. Pseudopedinella six posteriorly-directed spines , together in swimming ..... ... ......................... ... .. Apedinella long or very long trailing . .. .... .... ... .... .......... ..... Actinomonas hed with shorter or longer stalk ...................... ... ...... ... ............. .. .... ...... .. 5 rt stalk , hardly visible in the scope , flagellum in a figure-of- numerous tentacles from a II ................. .. .......... ... ...... Ciliophrys talk ...... ...... ....... Pteridomonas s Pedinella Vysotskii , 1888 terior ring of c. 12 tentacles flagellum . Cells naked. Six ithout pyrenoids. Contractile rly . With posterior stalk. Cells inly ingesting bacteria , which the ring of tentacles. Uptake , but the tentacles contain 780 SILICOFLAGELLA small vacuoles with dense contents that may be involved. One species. Pedinella hexacostata Vysotskii (Fig. 5). Cells apple-shaped, 7-8 ~m long (range 6-11 ~m) and 9-1 0 ( 8-11) ~Lm wide . Flagellum 1 7- 2 8 ~m long . Cells contain numerous contractile vacuoles. In fresh water and inland saline w a- ters . Rarely sighted , the most recent detailed description by Swale (1969). D elastica, with naked cells . D, Apedinella radians , with spines. A-C=1200 x, (From Zimmermann et al. , 1984) D=2700x. (From Throndsen , 1969)
Type species
Figures
No linked figures.
Raw text
Zimmermann , Moestrup and Hallfors 1984 By 0JVIND MOESTRUP The pedinellid flagellates comprise more or less spherical cells with a single anterior (hairy) flagellum . The flagellum beats in a planar sine wave and bears a more or less well-developed wing supported internal ly by a paraxonernal rod (Figs. 3,4). Tentacles emanate from the cell surface, supported by triplets of microtubules attached proximally to the nuclear envelope SILICOFLAGELLATA (Figs. 4A-C). Cells with three or six chloro- 5. Contractile v plasts and auto- or mixotrophic(Pedine//a) or 6. Cell body cov without chloroplasts and heterotrophic . Some genera. species free swimming, often with a trailing 7. Ejectile orga stalk, others attached. The body in some species 8. Division by f clad in a cover of organic scales (Fig . 3) , some 9. Organic cysts of wh ich may be spine-shaped . In fresh water 10. Species are and marine plankton . Synonym: order shape , etc. Ciliophryida Febre-Chevalier 1985 . able charact With a single family Actinomonadidae Kent , satisfactory 1880 . ters . A few morphology o 1. Cells with th 1 ·. Cells witho 2. Cells attache absent ..... A 2 '. Cells with noids prese 3. Cells with stalk ...... 3 '. Cells with held cells ... .. 4. Cells with mixotrophic pedinellid. A ,B=2000x. C: x 1 000. stalk .... . (From Conrad, 1926). 4 ·. Cells attac . ....... . Key characters 5. With very sho 1. One emergent flagellum , but a second , barren , light micro basal body is present in the cell (Fig . 4 B). eight , Flagellum with more or less distinct wing , sides ...... supported by paraxial rod (Figs. 3,4) . Two 5 '. With long s rows of tripartite flagellar hairs . Small ring-shaped flagellar scales found in two Genu genera. No microtubular or striated flagel- lar roots are known . Cells with an an 2. Three or six lateral chloroplasts in one tier , surrounding the or without chloroplasts. Pyrenoids present chloroplasts w or absent. vacuoles anterio 3. No eyespot. mixotrophic , ma 4. With stalk of very variable length. Cells free are caught near swimming (trailing stalk) or attached . process unknown acuoles in freshwater species . ered with organic scales in some nelles unknown . ission . known , sexuality unknown . distinguished by cell size and As these are often highly v a r i- ers , species taxonomy is u n- and awaits alternative charac - species are recognized by the f the scales. ree or six chloroplasts .... .. ....... 2 ut chloroplasts .. ........ ................. 4 d by means of a stalk , pyrenoids .. ... ..... ....................... .. ... Pedinella trailing stalk or stalkless, pyre- nt. ................................................ 3 long to very long trailing .. .... ........... ....... .. Pseudopedinella six posteriorly-directed spines , together in swimming ..... ... ......................... ... .. Apedinella long or very long trailing . .. .... .... ... .... .......... ..... Actinomonas hed with shorter or longer stalk ...................... ... ...... ... ............. .. .... ...... .. 5 rt stalk , hardly visible in the scope , flagellum in a figure-of- numerous tentacles from a II ................. .. .......... ... ...... Ciliophrys talk ...... ...... ....... Pteridomonas s Pedinella Vysotskii , 1888 terior ring of c. 12 tentacles flagellum . Cells naked. Six ithout pyrenoids. Contractile rly . With posterior stalk. Cells inly ingesting bacteria , which the ring of tentacles. Uptake , but the tentacles contain 780 SILICOFLAGELLA small vacuoles with dense contents that may be involved. One species. Pedinella hexacostata Vysotskii (Fig. 5). Cells apple-shaped, 7-8 ~m long (range 6-11 ~m) and 9-1 0 ( 8-11) ~Lm wide . Flagellum 1 7- 2 8 ~m long . Cells contain numerous contractile vacuoles. In fresh water and inland saline w a- ters . Rarely sighted , the most recent detailed description by Swale (1969). D elastica, with naked cells . D, Apedinella radians , with spines. A-C=1200 x, (From Zimmermann et al. , 1984) D=2700x. (From Throndsen , 1969)