Protozoa Guide review

GYMNOSPHAERIDAE

family / CENTROHELIDA / GYMNOSPHAERIDAE

Description

Heliozoa with axonemes arising from a central homogeneous axoplast and the microtubules in the axonemes arranged in irregular hexagonal prisms . One eccentric nucleus or multiple nuclei; mitochondrial cristae are tubular; different types of extrusomes . Usually attached to the substrate by a cytoplasmic stalk ; with the cell body differentiated into a 'head ' with radiating axopodia and an extensive multinucleate amoeboid base. The stalk of Actinocoryne is contractile . May occasionally be free-swimming. Cell surface may be covered by tangential siliceous (?) spicules, mucus, or be naked . Life cycle is complex but not fully resolved . Actinocoryne may produce multiple buds from the 'head' which form small , temporarily floating , spherical, amoeboid cells. Motile cells with two flagella are produced by Gymnosphaera and Actinocoryne (possibly with an annual cycle) . Three monotypic marine genera. References : Febvre-Chevalier ( 1 9 8 0 , 1990), Jones (1976). GYMNOSPHAERIDAE,;, bLM 1. Cell surface naked or covered with a thin mucus coat .. ...... .. .................. ....... .. .... ...... . 1'. Cell surface wi th mucus and tangential siliceous (?) spicules , uninucleate, attached or floating ................ .. .............. Hedraiophrys 2. Unattached, multinucleate, with cytoplasm differentiated into ecto- and endopla ..... .. ... ......... .......... ..... .. ............ Gymnosphaer 2'. Attached , with a contractile cytoplasmic stalk and an extensive multinucleate amoeboid base; cytoplasm uniform .. ............ .. .. .. Actinocoryne

Type species

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Raw text

Heliozoa with axonemes arising from a central
homogeneous axoplast and the microtubules in the
axonemes arranged in irregular hexagonal
prisms . One eccentric nucleus or multiple nuclei;
mitochondrial cristae are tubular; different types
of extrusomes . Usually attached to the substrate
by a cytoplasmic stalk ; with the cell body
differentiated into a 'head ' with radiating axopodia
and an extensive multinucleate amoeboid base.
The stalk of Actinocoryne is contractile . May
occasionally be free-swimming. Cell surface may
be covered by tangential siliceous (?) spicules,
mucus, or be naked . Life cycle is complex but not
fully resolved . Actinocoryne may produce
multiple buds from the 'head' which form small ,
temporarily floating , spherical, amoeboid cells.
Motile cells with two flagella are produced by
Gymnosphaera and Actinocoryne (possibly with
an annual cycle) . Three monotypic marine
genera. References : Febvre-Chevalier ( 1 9 8 0 ,
1990), Jones (1976).
GYMNOSPHAERIDAE,;,
bLM
1. Cell surface naked or covered with a thin
mucus coat .. ...... .. .................. ....... .. .... ...... .
1'. Cell surface wi th mucus and tangential
siliceous (?) spicules , uninucleate, attached
or floating ................ .. .............. Hedraiophrys
2. Unattached, multinucleate, with cytoplasm
differentiated into ecto- and endopla
..... .. ... ......... .......... ..... .. ............ Gymnosphaer
2'. Attached , with a contractile cytoplasmic stalk
and an extensive multinucleate amoeboid base;
cytoplasm uniform .. ............ .. .. .. Actinocoryne