Description
... .... Somatic ciliation uniform as monokinetids with 8' . Not as a typical litostomatean ultrastructure ; circumoral dikinetids surrounding typically circular or oval 9. Body com cytostome , but where lacking , oralized somatic more den monokinetids bear nematodesmata for rhabdos ; 9'. If body i most are rapacious carnivores ; 12 families . evenly d nd Lynn (1985), Foissner and 88) , Lipscomb and Riordan ( 1 9 9 2) , ac (1994) have suggested differing ubordinal taxonomies for these absence, however, of unambiguous, ynapomorphies does not persuade us ivision is justified . EY TO FAMILIES OF THE ORDER b 9 t;? neties present .. ......... ...... .. .. ........... .. ...2 ineties absent.. Pseudoholophryidae atic cilia restricted to one or two . ... ..... .. .... .. .. ... ... .. .... .... ..... ... . Didiniidae tic ciliation generally holotrichous .. 3 f clavate kinety irregularly arranged nuous with Q.Dly_ one somatic kinety . ....... ... .... .. ... ... . Pseudotrachelocercidae ineties regularly arrayed at anterior wo or more somatic kineties ........ ...... . 4 e-like processes containing toxicysts ed between somatic kineties .... ... .... .... .............. ..... .... . Actinobolinidae ove ... ............. .. ...... ... .. ...... .. .. ....... .. ........ 5 at base ... ... .. ................ Tracheliidae apical or slightly subapical ; without ... .. ........... .. .. ........ ... .. ... .......... ... ........... 6 sts distributed along a helical ridge piralled perioral kineties ... ... ..... .... .. . ..... ..... ...... .. ............ Helicoprorodontidae not distributed as above ... ... .. ......... ... .? s in an extracytostomal bundle on the side .... ..... ... .. ..... ......... . Pleuroplitidae s within perimeter of circumoral .. ... ... ..... ........................ ... ........ ... ........... 8 or end bulb-like , covered by short, kineties with densely packed kinetids ... .. .. ...... .... .. ........... .... ...... .. Lacrymariidae bove ... ......... .... ..... .. ... ....... ......... .. ........... .9 pressed with somatic kineties packed sely on one side .... ... Homalozoonidae s slightly compressed , somatic kineties istributed on both sides ... ... ... .... ... .... .. 10 480 CILIOPHORA, LITOSTOMATEA 10. Oral dikinetids absent and replaced by oralized somatic monokinetids surrounding the cytostome .... .. ... ...... .. ........ ............ Enchelyidae 10'. Oral dikinetids surrounding the cytostome ... 11 11 . Nematodesmata arise from oral dikinetids and adjacent oralized somatic monokinetids ....... .. . ......... ... .... .. ... ..... .. ......... ... .... ... .. Acropisthiidae 11 '. Nematodesmata arise Q.Il!y_ from oral dikinetids ... ..... .......... ...... .... ... ... .. ..... ....... .. .... ........... ....... . 12. Circumoral dikinetids as proliferated extensions of somatic kineties typically exceeding the number of somatic kineties ; oral region usually elongate dorsoventrally (except Protospathidium) ...... ..... ... ..... ..... Spathidiidae 12' . Circumoral dikinetids typically at anterior end of bipolar somatic kineties , not exceeding the number of somatic kineties (except some Enchelyodon species) ; oral region, circular to oval. .... .... .. .. .. ........... .... .... .. Trachelophyllidae
Type species
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... .... Somatic ciliation uniform as monokinetids with 8' . Not as a typical litostomatean ultrastructure ; circumoral dikinetids surrounding typically circular or oval 9. Body com cytostome , but where lacking , oralized somatic more den monokinetids bear nematodesmata for rhabdos ; 9'. If body i most are rapacious carnivores ; 12 families . evenly d nd Lynn (1985), Foissner and 88) , Lipscomb and Riordan ( 1 9 9 2) , ac (1994) have suggested differing ubordinal taxonomies for these absence, however, of unambiguous, ynapomorphies does not persuade us ivision is justified . EY TO FAMILIES OF THE ORDER b 9 t;? neties present .. ......... ...... .. .. ........... .. ...2 ineties absent.. Pseudoholophryidae atic cilia restricted to one or two . ... ..... .. .... .. .. ... ... .. .... .... ..... ... . Didiniidae tic ciliation generally holotrichous .. 3 f clavate kinety irregularly arranged nuous with Q.Dly_ one somatic kinety . ....... ... .... .. ... ... . Pseudotrachelocercidae ineties regularly arrayed at anterior wo or more somatic kineties ........ ...... . 4 e-like processes containing toxicysts ed between somatic kineties .... ... .... .... .............. ..... .... . Actinobolinidae ove ... ............. .. ...... ... .. ...... .. .. ....... .. ........ 5 at base ... ... .. ................ Tracheliidae apical or slightly subapical ; without ... .. ........... .. .. ........ ... .. ... .......... ... ........... 6 sts distributed along a helical ridge piralled perioral kineties ... ... ..... .... .. . ..... ..... ...... .. ............ Helicoprorodontidae not distributed as above ... ... .. ......... ... .? s in an extracytostomal bundle on the side .... ..... ... .. ..... ......... . Pleuroplitidae s within perimeter of circumoral .. ... ... ..... ........................ ... ........ ... ........... 8 or end bulb-like , covered by short, kineties with densely packed kinetids ... .. .. ...... .... .. ........... .... ...... .. Lacrymariidae bove ... ......... .... ..... .. ... ....... ......... .. ........... .9 pressed with somatic kineties packed sely on one side .... ... Homalozoonidae s slightly compressed , somatic kineties istributed on both sides ... ... ... .... ... .... .. 10 480 CILIOPHORA, LITOSTOMATEA 10. Oral dikinetids absent and replaced by oralized somatic monokinetids surrounding the cytostome .... .. ... ...... .. ........ ............ Enchelyidae 10'. Oral dikinetids surrounding the cytostome ... 11 11 . Nematodesmata arise from oral dikinetids and adjacent oralized somatic monokinetids ....... .. . ......... ... .... .. ... ..... .. ......... ... .... ... .. Acropisthiidae 11 '. Nematodesmata arise Q.Il!y_ from oral dikinetids ... ..... .......... ...... .... ... ... .. ..... ....... .. .... ........... ....... . 12. Circumoral dikinetids as proliferated extensions of somatic kineties typically exceeding the number of somatic kineties ; oral region usually elongate dorsoventrally (except Protospathidium) ...... ..... ... ..... ..... Spathidiidae 12' . Circumoral dikinetids typically at anterior end of bipolar somatic kineties , not exceeding the number of somatic kineties (except some Enchelyodon species) ; oral region, circular to oval. .... .... .. .. .. ........... .... .... .. Trachelophyllidae