Description
Four somatic ciliary bands (Fig. 74). CILIOPHORA, LITOSTOMAT Ventral side . (from lmai et al., 1991) covering the surface of this mainly non-ciliated species . SEM. the extensive dorsal ciliary tuft extending from left to right across this surface 502 CILIOPHORA, LITOSTOMATEA Figs. 77-82 Loxophyl/um bumps in wh Phase contr left latera ovum , left ciliature e of the prob anser, vent a depressio SEM . Fig . . Litostomatea. Fig . 77 . sp. Note , along the edge, the ich the toxicysts are disposed . ast. Fig. 78 . Amphileptus sp ., l view. SEM . Fig . 79 . Trache/ius ventral view . Note the oral xtending along the ventral surface iscis . SEM . Fig . 80 . Dileptus ral view . Note the oral opening as n at the base of the proboscis . 81 . Spathidium sp. Phase contrast. idinium nasutum. SEM . CILIOPHORA, PHYLLOPHARYNGEA CLASS PHYLLOPHARYNGEA de Puytorac et al., 1974 The ciliated stage with somatic kineties mostly as monokinetids that each have a lateral kinetodesmal fibril, a reduced (or absent) transverse microtubular ribbon (usually accompanied by a left-directed transverse fiber), and a somewhat convergent postciliary ribbon extended posteriorward to accompany ribbons of more anterior monokinetids; ribbon-like subkinetal nematodesmata arise from somatic monokinetids, extending beneath kineties as subkinetal ribbons, which in cyrtophorids and chonotrichs probably extend anteriorly and in rhynchodids and suctorians posteriorly; oral region with radially arranged microtubular ribbons , the phyllae, which , in cyrtophorids, are enclosed by large, rod-shaped nematodesmata of hexagonally packed microtubules held together near the cell membrane by filaments ; four subclasses . 1. Macronucleus heteromerous; toxicyst-like extrusomes absent. ..... ... ... ...... ... ..................... 2 1'. Macronucleus homomerous; toxicyst-like extrusomes (i .e., acmocysts, hapto- cysts) in feeding structures ...................... .. . 3 2. Trophont free-swimming , may be sessile but not sedentary; cilia mainly on ventral surface; some are endosymbionts of external body cavities .... .. .. ...... .. .... Phyllopharyngia 2' . Trophont sedentary , sessile; cilia only on funnel-shaped distal part (the "cone") ; usually ectosymbionts of crustacea ..... ... ....... ... . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. Chono 3. Trophont feeds with cilia and special suctorial mouthparts; body ciliated (except Sphenophryidae) .. ... ..... ..... .. ... .... . Rhynchodia 3'. Trophont feeds through tentacles, which are typically long (except Cyathodinium, Pha/acrocleptes, Trypanococcus) ; body unciliated in adult stage (except Cyathodinium and post-division swarmer stage) ... Suctoria SUBCLASS PHYLLOPHARYNGIA de Puytorac et al., 1974 Trophonts free-swimming, may be sessile but usually not sedentary; cilia mainly on ventral surface; oral ciliature typically composed of one preoral kinety and two circumoral kineties ; with true cytostome and cytopharynx with phyllae and rod-shaped nematodesmata; macronucleus heteromerous; some are symbionts of external body cavities; two orders . bLM 1. Body dorsoventrally flattened ; attach to substrate by thigmotactic ventral cilia ; no adhesive organelle or podite ................ .. ........ . .... .. ... .... .... ...... ... ... ..... .. ...... Chlamydodontida 1'. Body typically laterally compressed; ventral cilia not thigmotactic; attached to substrate by unciliated adhesive region or flexible podite .... ....... ... .... .. .... ... ..... ... ... ......... ... .... .. .. Dysteriida
Type species
Figures
Raw text
Four somatic ciliary bands (Fig. 74). CILIOPHORA, LITOSTOMAT Ventral side . (from lmai et al., 1991) covering the surface of this mainly non-ciliated species . SEM. the extensive dorsal ciliary tuft extending from left to right across this surface 502 CILIOPHORA, LITOSTOMATEA Figs. 77-82 Loxophyl/um bumps in wh Phase contr left latera ovum , left ciliature e of the prob anser, vent a depressio SEM . Fig . . Litostomatea. Fig . 77 . sp. Note , along the edge, the ich the toxicysts are disposed . ast. Fig. 78 . Amphileptus sp ., l view. SEM . Fig . 79 . Trache/ius ventral view . Note the oral xtending along the ventral surface iscis . SEM . Fig . 80 . Dileptus ral view . Note the oral opening as n at the base of the proboscis . 81 . Spathidium sp. Phase contrast. idinium nasutum. SEM . CILIOPHORA, PHYLLOPHARYNGEA CLASS PHYLLOPHARYNGEA de Puytorac et al., 1974 The ciliated stage with somatic kineties mostly as monokinetids that each have a lateral kinetodesmal fibril, a reduced (or absent) transverse microtubular ribbon (usually accompanied by a left-directed transverse fiber), and a somewhat convergent postciliary ribbon extended posteriorward to accompany ribbons of more anterior monokinetids; ribbon-like subkinetal nematodesmata arise from somatic monokinetids, extending beneath kineties as subkinetal ribbons, which in cyrtophorids and chonotrichs probably extend anteriorly and in rhynchodids and suctorians posteriorly; oral region with radially arranged microtubular ribbons , the phyllae, which , in cyrtophorids, are enclosed by large, rod-shaped nematodesmata of hexagonally packed microtubules held together near the cell membrane by filaments ; four subclasses . 1. Macronucleus heteromerous; toxicyst-like extrusomes absent. ..... ... ... ...... ... ..................... 2 1'. Macronucleus homomerous; toxicyst-like extrusomes (i .e., acmocysts, hapto- cysts) in feeding structures ...................... .. . 3 2. Trophont free-swimming , may be sessile but not sedentary; cilia mainly on ventral surface; some are endosymbionts of external body cavities .... .. .. ...... .. .... Phyllopharyngia 2' . Trophont sedentary , sessile; cilia only on funnel-shaped distal part (the "cone") ; usually ectosymbionts of crustacea ..... ... ....... ... . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. Chono 3. Trophont feeds with cilia and special suctorial mouthparts; body ciliated (except Sphenophryidae) .. ... ..... ..... .. ... .... . Rhynchodia 3'. Trophont feeds through tentacles, which are typically long (except Cyathodinium, Pha/acrocleptes, Trypanococcus) ; body unciliated in adult stage (except Cyathodinium and post-division swarmer stage) ... Suctoria SUBCLASS PHYLLOPHARYNGIA de Puytorac et al., 1974 Trophonts free-swimming, may be sessile but usually not sedentary; cilia mainly on ventral surface; oral ciliature typically composed of one preoral kinety and two circumoral kineties ; with true cytostome and cytopharynx with phyllae and rod-shaped nematodesmata; macronucleus heteromerous; some are symbionts of external body cavities; two orders . bLM 1. Body dorsoventrally flattened ; attach to substrate by thigmotactic ventral cilia ; no adhesive organelle or podite ................ .. ........ . .... .. ... .... .... ...... ... ... ..... .. ...... Chlamydodontida 1'. Body typically laterally compressed; ventral cilia not thigmotactic; attached to substrate by unciliated adhesive region or flexible podite .... ....... ... .... .. .... ... ..... ... ... ......... ... .... .. .. Dysteriida